Non-treatment Option: Patients whose skin type is categorized into skin type I and II can select non-treatment option after discussion - camouflage cosmetics, sunscreens.We can also choose cosmetical reagent and complementary therapies. The options of treatment of vitiligo are very wide ranges, including topical, photo, surgical therapies, and depigmentation. Especially co-existence of vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid diseases are well documented, suggesting in adults with vitiligo, blood test for thyroid function and antinuclear antibodies are recommended. ![]() Patients with vitiligo often develop other autoimmune diseases and familial histories of autoimmune diseases also can be seen. What examinations will be recommended if I am diagnosed as vitiligo? In the case of atypical presentation, skin biopsy might be taken in order to make a diagnosis. Wood's light (a hand-held ultraviolet irradiation device) is likely used to identify areas of depigmentation. How do physicians make a diagnosis of vitiligo?Ī Diagnosis of vitiligo is usually made by a primary care physician or a dermatologist according to the typical clinical features and exception of other diseases that cause leucoderma (listed below). Although the exact cause of vitiligo is still not fully understood and under investigating, it seems to be dependent on the interaction of genetic, immunologic, neurogenic, and environmental factors. Appearance of melanocyte-specific cytotoxic T-cells and detection of autoantibody to melanocyte in the circulation indicate the involvement of both cellular and humoral immunity to the pathogenesis of vitiligo. ![]() One hypothesis considers vitiligo an autoimmune disease. However, the majority of patients are sporadic and non-familial cases. Heredity is regarded as one of factor because some patients have familial members with vitiligo. Generalized vitiligo: involves several skin lesions in several areas Localized vitiligo: basically involves one or more skin lesions in one area It is one of common skin diseases reported to affect approximately 1% of the population worldwide, irrespective of skin color or ethnic origin.Īccording to the distribution of the lesions, several types of vitiligo have distinguished, Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes from the epidermis. Our key objective is to raise awareness of the complexity of this disease, the potential of prospective therapy strategies, and the need for early and comprehensive management.Vitiligo & Pigment Cell Biology What is vitiligo? In this review, we highlight recent developments in vitiligo clinical aspects and immune pathogenesis. Furthermore, definition of treatment goals and integration of comorbid diseases into vitiligo management have revolutionized the way vitiligo is treated. Improved understanding of the immune pathogenesis of vitiligo has led to the development of new therapeutic options including Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors targeting IFN- signaling pathways, which can effectively reverse depigmentation. Importantly, the cross- talk between keratinocytes, melanocytes, and immune cells, such as interferon (IFN)- signaling pathway, builds inflammatory loops that give rise to the disease deterioration. Compelling evidence supports the melanocyte intrinsic abnormalities with poor adaptation to stressors leading to instability and release of danger signals, which will activate dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells to initiate innate immunity, ultimately resulting in T-cell mediated adaptive immune response and melanocyte destruction. Multiple mechanisms are involved in melanocyte disappearance, including genetics, environmental factors, and immune-mediated inflammation. ![]() Although the diagnosis appears to be straightforward for the distinct clinical phenotype and specific histological features, vitiligo provides many challenges including chronicity, treatment resistance, frequent relapse, associated profound psychosocial effect, and negative impact on quality of life. Several precipitating factors by chemical exposure and skin injury present commonly in patients with vitiligo. ![]() Abstract : Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by epidermal melanocyte loss resulting in white patches, with an approximate prevalence of 0.5-2% worldwide.
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